Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus

Typical signs of type 1 diabetes include increased urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia), which indicate elevated blood sugar levels. Along with symptoms such as ketoacidosis, weight loss, fatigue, lack of energy, nausea, and dizziness, these signs can indicate untreated type 1 diabetes and require immediate medical attention.

In type 1 diabetes, the only treatment option is to replace the missing insulin. Since insulin is a protein and would be destroyed by stomach acid if taken orally, it is administered by injection into the subcutaneous fat tissue. Dosage is crucial to avoid hypoglycemia, which can cause acute emergencies and long-term damage. Various insulins with different durations of action are available and can be used in combination. There are two types of insulin therapy. In intensified insulin therapy, the patient monitors their blood glucose levels several times a day and administers a long-acting or intermediate-acting insulin analog daily using an insulin pen. In contrast, insulin pump therapy uses a small pump to continuously deliver insulin. Additional insulin can also be administered at mealtimes with the push of a button. Accurate calculation of the actual insulin requirement is also crucial with insulin pump therapy.